Principles of the 1948 National Health Service

Standards of the 1948 National Health Service This task will plot the primary standards of the 1948 National Health Service and will give a critique on the association and structure of the NHS. To start this task will give setting by quickly investigating medicinal services arrangement before the turn of events and execution of the NHS. Medicinal services Pre-NHS Godber (1988) proposes that before the advancement of the NHS the Poor Law had given human services backing to the impoverished in Britain for about a century and this included establishments and clinic wards with a clinical official in control to give social insurance the bigger ones continuously assuming the elements of general emergency clinics for the intensely sick. Intentional emergency clinics, which were regularly run by beneficent associations created pro administrations. Clinics for patients with transmittable infections, tuberculosis, and psychological sickness and debilitation had for some time been given by neighborhood specialists; initially for open security. Clinic overviews did during the Second World War uncovered not just deficiencies of beds and structures in a poor state, yet that administrations were not given in the territories which most required them (Powell, 1992). From 1911 individual human services for low salary laborers was given through National Health Insurance; anyway this didn't cover emergency clinic care. Other clinical consideration was regularly conveyed by general specialists and installment for administrations was an issue for the individual, along these lines it was frequently the rich or well-to-do that approached human services as opposed to the lower classes. The Beveridge Report of 1942; which was an exceptionally persuasive report on social protection and united administrations, recognized five shades of malice inside the general public of the day: need, obliviousness, sickness, foulness and inaction. It was suggested in this report an obligatory arrangement of state protection (to which businesses, representatives and the state would contribute) would be built up to cover disorder, joblessness, retirement annuities and backing for youthful families (National Archives, 2011a). The Beveridge Report (1942) highlighted the foundation of a far reaching national wellbeing administration as a vital supporting to a national social protection plot. The Labor Party had a long-standing promise to a national wellbeing administration and when they came into office in July 1945, Aneurin Bevan was named Minister of Health. Inside only weeks, Bevan created an arrangement for a completely nationalized and regionalized National Health Service (National Archive, 2011b). At the finish of the Second World War Britons needed an adjustment in how human services was conveyed especially as clinical consideration had made large advances in the war, officers had been offered better expectations of care than they were probably going to experience after deactivation (Portillo, 1998). Government employees and legislators had recognized a developing force towards change and started taking a gander at open doors for change in how medicinal services was given. The National Health Service Englands National Health Service became effective on the fifth of July 1948; it was the primary wellbeing framework to gracefully free clinical consideration to the entire populace and the main human services arrangement that was put together not with respect to a protection guideline however on the arrangement of administrations accessible to everybody (Klein, 2006). The change from divided and deficient consideration arrangement to an organized and available body was one of a kind and despite the fact that arranging had taken numerous years with fluctuating obstructions, for example, the episode of war and changes in political authority, the execution of a dynamic and general method of conveying care to everything was at last presented. In that capacity, the new wellbeing administration seemingly established the single greatest authoritative change and most prominent improvement in human services at any point experienced in the countries history (Webster, 1998). The NHS united the entirety of the medical clinics; paying little mind to proprietorship, and furthermore the specialists, attendants, drug specialists, opticians and dental specialists that were once paid through foundation or private assets into one association. The Main Principles of the NHS Supporting the NHS is a lot of center standards and Bevan (1952) expressed that the substance of a good wellbeing administration is that the rich and the poor are dealt with the same, that neediness isn't an incapacity, and riches isn't advantaged. With the improvement of a national wellbeing administration the three primary center standards refered to by Bevan (1948) were that it addressed the issues of everybody, it ought to be free at the purpose of conveyance and that it ought to be founded on clinical need, not on the capacity to pay. These standards guaranteed that each individual from the British country from youthful to old and from rich to poor had the option to get free medicinal services for any ailment, a wonders that was abnormal without a doubt in contrast with how heath care had been conveyed beforehand. The presentation of the National Health Service guaranteed clinical treatment and unexpected frailty was not eclipsed by concern with respect to accounts and installme nt or that citizenry lived in dread of clinical costs they couldn't manage. Beckett (2004) proposes that inside a month of the vesting day of the National Health Service, in 1948, 97 percent of the overall population were pursued treatment. This was seen as a triumph for the priest of wellbeing, Aneurin Bevan, as it was seen that he had fabricated an arrangement of care and illness counteraction on a lot of standards never found in any worldwide society. These center standards guaranteed that everybody would have their social insurance needs met and even today the three standards remain the establishments from which current medicinal services administrations are conveyed; basically vagrants requiring care for frostbite or dental agony can get access to human services as can rich property engineers who have had a skiing mishap or have the requirement for an insight tooth to be evacuated. The National Health Service might be seen to be allowed to those requiring clinical consideration and treatment, anyway the administration expects subsidizing to guarantee professionals utilized are cushion and that assets, for example, medications, hardware and treatment regions are supported. To do this from commencement the NHS has been supported by an arrangement of tax collection exacted by the administration, commitments are made through frameworks of national protection commitments and annual duty with modest quantities being made through private practice under the NHS umbrella (Rivett, 1998). From 1948: The structure of the NHS Under the 1946 National Health Service Act, it was suggested that the wellbeing clergyman had the obligation to advance in England and Wales a thorough wellbeing administration which was to be created to improve the physical and emotional well-being of the populace and to administer the move towards anticipation, finding and treatment of infection and disease. The administrations to be given to meet these points were to be for nothing out of pocket and just because, the Minister of Health was made actually responsible to Parliament for clinic and other particular administrations notwithstanding being by implication answerable for family specialist and neighborhood wellbeing administrations (Levitt et al., 1999). He was in a roundabout way answerable for family specialist and neighborhood wellbeing administrations. The structure of the recently shaped National Health implied that all emergency clinics were nationalized and they were overseen by either territorial medical clinic sheets or sheets of governors who were responsible legitimately to the pastor for wellbeing. Financing was given straightforwardly by the service of wellbeing to the territorial wellbeing sheets and this thusly was given to the emergency clinic the executives boards of trustees who had the duty regarding the administration of spending plans and subsidizing for administrations (Levitt et al., 1999). As family professional administrations had would not be overseen and supervised by the recently framed National Health Service and Ministry of Health, official gatherings were shaped to guarantee administrations, for example, general clinical, dental and ophthalmic assets were conveyed, these were alluded to as Primary Care administrations. Neighborhood authority offices were made answerable for network wellbeing administrations, including wellbeing guests and region medical caretakers, inoculations and immunisations, maternal and youngster government assistance, emergency vehicle administrations and administrations for the intellectually sick and those with learning incapacities who were not in clinic (Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry, 2001). From 1948: The Changing Organization of the NHS During the beginning times of the NHS it is distinguished that there was a three section structure that had three branches which included; clinics, essential consideration and neighborhood authority wellbeing administrations. This structure won until 1974 when a progressively incorporated course of action was presented which held three unmistakable degrees of the board at a local, territory and region level. A difference in government to traditionalist administration in the 1970 general political decision implied that the three section structure of the NHS that had been predominant since the start of the administration usage became supplanted for new nearby position control. General experts, medical clinics, wellbeing focuses and nursing administrations were brought heavily influenced by a solitary region wellbeing authority which answered to territorial wellbeing specialists (National Archives, 2011c). An American financial specialist during the 1980s delivered an exceptionally basic report of the NHS recommending that it was wasteful, loaded with unreasonable motivations and furthermore that it had become a culture that was impervious to change (Enthoven, 1985). Because of the condemning idea of this report the association of the NHS by and by changed and it was recommended by Enthoven (1985) that the NHS would be progressively proficient in the event that it was composed on something increasingly like financial market standards. Enthoven (1985) contended for a split among buyer and supplier, with the goal that Health Authorities could practice progressively successful power over expenses and creation thus the NHS organization was broken

College Essay Guidelines

College Essay GuidelinesYou need not be a high school student to know that college essay guidelines are very important for composing the best essays. The truth is that, writing is a skill and writing essays, particularly for college admission or for an entrance exam, is like any other skill. If you are able to learn how to write good essay, you will surely enjoy your life. Before you learn how to compose an essay, you should first learn about the various strategies in order to write a really good essay.The first of the basic college essay guidelines is to research on your topic. This means you need to prepare for your topic before actually writing the paper. Although it may seem difficult, you should not be too nervous because this is actually what most students do. By learning to research on your topic before writing your essay, you will definitely find out something new and interesting.Moreover, you need to know how to structure your paper. College entrance exam is mostly written o n essays and that's why you need to be familiar with the four essential steps to write an essay. You should first determine how many pages of your paper you will need. This way, you will be able to easily gauge how much time you need to spend on the essay. Moreover, you need to learn the different types of essay which are open ended and close-ended essay.Another thing you should do is to learn about college essay guidelines. Because there are a lot of guidelines out there, you may get confused when reading one. Some papers contain extensive information and a lot of rules. In order to avoid this, it is advised that you study some tips that are designed to help beginners write a good essay.You also need to know that, your essay should be written in a formal kind of style. Since you are writing for a college examination, you need to ensure that your essay has proper academic level. Even though you are using formal style, you need to make sure that the academic content of your essay is understandable.Lastly, you need to use proper vocabulary and grammar. Although there are no rules on this, you should still be able to follow the common rules. After all, you are trying to get a high school degree so you need to study English and other subjects which have similar rules.Aside from those, you need to know about the most common mistakes people make in essays. In fact, you might be wondering how you will be able to avoid this? Well, the most common mistake that you should avoid is to write something that does not support the topic of your essay. You also need to avoid exaggerating the facts or taking something out of context.Those are the basic college essay guidelines that you need to know. And if you cannot read the guidelines before writing your essay, you can always consult with an instructor or even a book which is written by a professional writer. You may also search the internet for tips.

Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed I Should Worry Because My Coworker Is Also Applying!

Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed I Should Worry Because My Coworker Is Also Applying! You look around your office and think to yourself: “I wish my coworker were not applying to the same school as I am. They can’t take two people who sit at the same desk. Also, his GPA is 0.15 higher!” On the surface, this reasoning may seem logical, and it can thus cause anxiety for some candidatesâ€"especially for those who are in positions for which an MBA is virtually a “must have” to move forward, such as in consulting and banking. Howeverâ€"not to worryâ€"this thinking has two significant flaws: You are not the same candidate as the person at the desk beside you.  He/she may have similar work experience, but you have had different interactions with team members and clients and have worked on different projects. So, you have different perspectives on your experiences and so do your recommenders. Furthermore, your work experience is only one piece of the puzzle that is your application. Even if your coworker does have a slightly higher GPA or GMAT score, you are still quite different in terms of your personal/life experiences, community/leadership activities, ability to perform during interviews, and more. Instead of worrying that the admissions committee will make an apples-to-apples comparison and cast you out, you must focus on what makes you distinct and present your best self. The top schools have room for two great candidates.  When we asked Harvard Business School’s (HBS’s) former admissions director whether she would accept two candidates who had worked at the same company, she quipped, “We have room for Larry and Sergei (referencing the two founders of Google).” An mbaMission consultant recalled that when she was at HBS, she had two classmates who worked on the same desk at the same private equity firm. At HBS, they ended up in the same section. Top MBA programs do not have quotas for certain firms, towns, ethnicities, etc. They just want the best candidates out there. So, in short, as you eye that individual across the desk, try to avoid simplified comparisons. Focus on that which makes you distinct, and expect that the admissions committees will not fulfill quotas, but rather identify talent. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed I Should Worry Because My Coworker Is Also Applying! You look around your office and think to yourself: “I wish my coworker were not applying to the same school as I am. They can’t take two people who sit at the same desk. Also, his GPA is 0.15 higher!” On the surface, this reasoning may seem logical, and it can thus cause anxiety for some candidatesâ€"especially for those who are in positions for which an MBA is virtually a “must have” to move forward, such as in consulting and banking. Howeverâ€"not to worryâ€"this thinking has two significant flaws: You are not the same candidate as the person at the desk beside you.  He/she may have similar work experience, but you have had different interactions with team members and clients and have worked on different projects. So, you have different perspectives on your experiences and so do your recommenders. Furthermore, your work experience is only one piece of the puzzle that is your application. Even if your coworker does have a slightly higher GPA or GMAT score, you are still quite different in terms of your personal/life experiences, community/leadership activities, ability to perform during interviews, and more. Instead of worrying that the admissions committee will make an apples-to-apples comparison and cast you out, you must focus on what makes you distinct and present your best self. The top schools have room for two great candidates.  When we asked Harvard Business School’s (HBS’s) former admissions director whether she would accept two candidates who had worked at the same company, she quipped, “We have room for Larry and Sergei (referencing the two founders of Google).” An mbaMission consultant recalled that when she was at HBS, she had two classmates who worked on the same desk at the same private equity firm. At HBS, they ended up in the same section. Top-ranked MBA programs do not have quotas for certain firms, towns, ethnicities, etc. They just want the best candidates out there. So, in short, as you eye that individual across the desk, try to avoid simplified comparisons. Focus on that which makes you distinct, and expect that the admissions committees will not fulfill quotas, but rather identify talent. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed

Torture and fear in the handmaids tale - 990 Words

Torture and fear in the handmaid’s tale. torture noun 1. 1. the action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something, or for the pleasure of the person inflicting the pain. The handmaids tale is a novel by Margaret Atwood, It describes the life of a woman who is documenting her life as it goes on, As the book progresses we are able to see the amount of torture (physical and mental) that the woman of Gilead receive. Offred and other women in Gilead are well aware of Gilead’s rules and Offred acknowledges the punishments and the torture she will endure if she does not obey. Throughout the novel we can begin to see Offred disobey the rules and begin fighting the†¦show more content†¦Physiological torture is very effective in a society such as Gilead as it allows 100% control over what the people do. Gilead also portrays torture by placing disobedient women on the jail wall, hung by their necks. They are placed in public so that everyone is able to see them. The government officials keep control by forcing women attend ‘salvaging’s’ in which they are forced to view the execution of woman who’s crimes are not announ ced. Religion plays a major role in fear. It is used to ensure people fear breaking rules as they would be breaking something that god set them out to do. They are in fear that if they do something in which can result in a consequence, or the fact that they are doing something illegal, they are breaking Gods trust; The Gilead uses that to their advantage as they have greater control if the society is influenced by religion. Gilead follows an obligatory rule in which woman are forced to have a male counterpart, Gilead is a male controlled society but no matter how much woman are disregarded, they are essential for the successors of the society. Being fertile in Gilead is the only form of power a woman receives, infertile woman are often quickly disregarded. Gilead creates an atmosphere in which if you are capable of producing life, you are granted theShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, Th e theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1684 Words   |  7 Pagesensure the safety of all citizens however; women can be forced to face extremities if the laws and the government are patriarchal. The novel The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood tells the story of a totalitarian government that consists strictly of men who dominate women based on Christian ideologies. The government uses fertile women called â€Å"handmaids† for breeding purposes because of a decrease in birth rate. The nation of the Re public of Gilead is a dystopian society in which women have limited freedomRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1330 Words   |  6 PagesSummer Reading September 11, 2015 The Handmaid’s Tale In her book, â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale†, Margaret Atwood describes a dystopian society in which all of the progress in the feminist movement that was made during the twentieth century is reversed and the nation is reverted back to its traditional patriarchal ways. The story is told from the point of view of Offred, a woman who was separated from her husband and child and forced into the life of a handmaid. In this book, Atwood explores the oppressionRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood927 Words   |  4 PagesWomen deserve freedom as much as men. They are both humans, therefore, must have the same rights. Margaret Atwood addresses this topic with her book The Handmaid’s Tale. The story takes place in a future dystopia called Gilead. Women lose all rights and become objects for men. The Handmaids are a great example. All of their names start with Of followed by their master’s name. The main character’s name, Offred, means of Fred’ s property. She is one of many women who are downgraded to objects. She breaksRead MoreAnalysis Of Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages Psychological criticism has roots as far back as the fourth century BC, when Aristotle â€Å"commented on the effects of tragedy on an audience, saying hat by evoking pity and fear, tragedy creates a cathartic of those emotions† (Dobie 54). More recently, however, psychological criticism has been shaped and influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud. He developed theories concerning â€Å"the workings of the human psyche, its formations, its organization, and its maladies† that, while further refinedRead MoreEssay about The Palimpsest: Freedoms Dual Nature1194 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the very beginning of The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood constructs the world of Gilead around a central metaphor: the palimpsest. By enforcing rigid controls, Gilead has wiped away almost all forms of female freedom—reproductive rights, independence, and the choice of when and how to die—with considerable success. However, like the faint outlines of older texts o n a palimpsest, hints of all these constructs and desires linger on. Atwood uses the extended metaphor of a palimpsest to illustrateRead MoreA Modest Proposal And The Handmaids Tale1592 Words   |  7 Pagesirony is commonly used in satires to expose flaws, an effective example is John Smith’s A Modest Proposal, he effectively uses irony, to communicate his argument about the poverty in Ireland at the time. Similarly, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale criticizes the society that women have to live in. Atwood uses allusions to the Old Testament and historical events to satirize the oppression of women in political, religious and social aspects. Atwood parallels the Cultural Revolution in ChinaRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Atwood And Sylvia Plath s The Handmaid s Tale, And Moira Of Margaret Atwood1905 Words   |  8 Pagesdespondent frame of mind, the woman of Sylvia Plath’s poem, Edge, and Moira of Margaret Atwood’s novel, The Handmaids Tale, find themselves accepting their condemnation as their destiny. Both Margaret Atwood and Sylvia Plath use their works as emotional outlets to express the hopeless disposition one comes to embrace having reached the point of exhaustion. Together, Moira from The Handmaid’s Tale and the â€Å"perfected woman† from Edge exemplify the quality of life or lack thereof, one is left with afterRead MoreAnalysis Of Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale1825 Words   |  8 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, we meet Offred, or so they call her, a Handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, a futuristic dystopian society. Gilead tarnished traditional value s and replaced them with shear corruption after the rebels killed the President as well as most of Congress, took over the government, and decided to throw out the constitution. Instead the society relies on the bible to justify its barbaric rules, limitations and practices. In a totalitarian society of decreasing birthRead MoreComparison between The handmaids Tale and 1894 (language as controlling force, language styles, structure and contexts3493 Words   |  14 Pages Both the novels 1984 and The Handmaids Tale provide warnings of how each author sees certain problems in society leading to dystopian states. Dystopian genres exist in both novels, but arise for different reasons. Resulting from Atwoods concerns about political groups and aspects of feminism; The Handmaids Tale illustrates how declining birth rates could lead to a state where women are forced into bearing children. In contrast, 1984 depicts a terror state where poverty is rife and tyrannical

Euthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient - 1652 Words

It’s safe to assume that when talking about death, everybody has at least once thought about how they want to go: painlessly and when they are ready. Nobody wants to die in a painful manner and nobody wants to die if they feel they have not lived a fulfilled life. When looking at the word’s Greek origins - eu and thanatos, which together mean a good death, the idea of euthanasia is quite appealing. So what exactly is it? Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. Also called assisted suicide or physician-assisted death/suicide (often times simply referred to as just PAD or PAS), this process helps terminally ill patients make the transition from painful life to painless death. But what is death when you have an illness that has seemingly already taken your life? According to the 31st edition of Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, the medical definition of death is â€Å"the ce ssation of life; permanent cessation of all vital bodily functions.† For legal and medical purposes, death is â€Å"the irreversible cessation of all of the following: (1) total cerebral function, (2) spontaneous function of the respiratory system, and (3) spontaneous function of the circulatory system.† Based on these definitions, and knowing where euthanasia takes you, some people may be against PAS for religious reasons, for hope of a spontaneous recovery, or for the fear that doctors and families may give upShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is Painless Killing Of A Patient1435 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia is painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma, also means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable suffering. Some interpret as the practice of ending life in a mercy killing, assisted suicide, and soft slow suicide. There are two main classifications of euthanasia. There is Voluntary euthanasia which is conducted with consent. Where the patient decides for themselves toRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient1825 Words   |  8 PagesEuthanasia is the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from an incurable and very painful disease. Also, if the patient is in a permanent coma. Within the United States of America and in most countries euthanasia is illegal to be practiced. The origin of the word euthanasia came from the early 17th century within the Greek culture. In Greek, the word euthanasia translates to ÃŽ µÃâ€¦ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±. (â€Å"Google.† Google. Translator. Web. June 19, 2016.) In a way, this translates to easy death. An exampleRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient2396 Words   |  10 PagesEuthanasia Research Paper Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from a terminal or incurable disease. There are two different processes of euthanasia, active or physician-assisted suicide and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is when a terminally ill patient requests someone, usually a doctor, to intentionally cause their death via overdose or lethal injection. Passive euthanasia is the act of refusing life-sustaining treatments or the removal of life-sustainingRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient Suffering From An Incurable Disease?1214 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia is â€Å"the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable disease or in an irreversible coma.† The practice of Euthanasia is illegal in most countries. In fact only three states in the United States and the District of Columbia allow assisted suicide. Four states have no laws against euthanasia, and 38 states have made euthanasia illegal. Is it better for a person to live a biological life or a biographical life? If a person with a terminal illness’s pain can be managed toRead MoreAccording to the Oxford dictionary, euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient800 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Oxford dictionary, euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or an irreversible coma. Those in favor argue that this is done motivated by kindness and a desire to end suffering. Those against Euthanasia understand why those in favor of Euthanasia say it is ok to practice it, but one must understand that Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath. According to the Hippocratic Oath doctors should never, â€Å"give a deadlyRead MoreA Brief Note On Euthanasia And The United States882 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Euthanasia in the U.S. Euthanasia is the act or practice, killing of permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy killing. Far more controversial, active euthanasia involves causing the death of a person through a direct action. In response to a request from the person. Euthanasia itself been around for as long as the history of medicine. This euthanasia is enormous and have long history in the United States. This soRead More Euthanasia is Murder Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesEuthanasia is the Greek word meaning â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia is the act of assisting in ending one’s life, killing a person or an animal in a painless or minimally painful way. There are 3 different types of euthanasia. Volantary - which means that the doctor, or whoever performed the assisted death got full permission from the patient to kill them. Nonvolantary - without full consent of the patient or if the patient did give them their full consent, they weren’t fully decisionally-competent. AndRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Most Active1548 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. There are different euthanasia laws in each country. The British House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics defines euthanasia as a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering. In the Netherlands and Flanders, euthanasia is understood as termination of life by a doctor at the request of a patient. Euthanasia is categorizedRead MorePersuasive Essay on Euthanasia963 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia - The Right to Decide The definition of euthanasia from the Oxford Dictionary is: â€Å"The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or is in an incurable coma.† Consider the words â€Å"suffering,† â€Å"painful,† â€Å"irreversible† and â€Å"incurable.† These words describe a patients terrible conditions and prospects. Euthanasia is known as â€Å"mercy killing† for a reason, it is the most, humane, moral and logical form of treatment available to patients that have no hopeRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not An Acceptable Choice Of Death1415 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Americans tend to endorse the use of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia when the question is abstract and hypothetical† (Ezekiel Emanuel). Not many people support it, but many of them do. Euthanasia the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. The practice is illegal in most countries. O r also known as â€Å"mercy killing†. To those many patients who have terminal illnesses the procedure is done to them. But only if they are suffering

The Homeless Sub Community Within The Larger Gainesville...

Homelessness is an ever-changing issue that affects its member’s lives financially, physically, emotionally, physiologically, and even mentally. It has the power to completely alter the social structure of one’s life, as well as their connections and their sense of community within a larger community (Bruhn, 2011). Oftentimes, the absence of opportunities to engage with ones chosen community including cultural connections, or individuals and institutions in one’s local neighborhood can result in a lack of social networks, a loss of community attachment, and an absence of social support and relationships with the local community. The purpose of this assignment was to interview three members of a sub-community that has been discussed in†¦show more content†¦According to research on the homeless population, a break in relationships with others, especially family members, is usually a contributing factor to ones homelessness (Bruhn, 2011). In addition, being new to the area, trying to afford a lifestyle of drug use, and having a criminal record, Interviewee 1 was unemployed and had no money to afford housing or any of his basic necessities. When asked how he would describe his connection to the community and its members, he responded with one, simple word- nonexistent. When asked why he felt a sense of nonexistence between himself and the community and its members, he mentioned the day to day interactions he experiences with those who are not homeless- those he described as being â€Å"unlike† him. Most of the people he encounters when walking down the street avoid eye contact and oftentimes start to walk faster when passing by him. When asked how that made him feel he stated he felt invisible and that he was an excluded person within the- someone who either did not exist or was viewed as not being on the same level as those around him. Today, one of the limitations in increasing our understanding of the homeless is our tendency to stereotype homeless individuals and generalize this stereotype so that they are considered a homogeneous category (Bruhn, 2011). We oftentimes make them seem as if they are a different species. In addition, not being a native of Gainesville and never having held a position in the

One life ends, Another begins free essay sample

Your father came home handcuffed to a black briefcase. In it were papers regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was a colonel, so bizarre things like this were normal to you. He’d come home late in the evenings after dinner tired and worn: the same look you had when you realized you wouldn’t be here forever. Your father raised you to be resilient and self-reliant: that the only person who could help you was yourself. You took matters into your own hands when someone gave you problems; at one of your highschools the military police had to board the bus on a daily basis to check everyone for knives; another time you were wrongly blamed to have slashed the hood of a teacher’s car. You learned to put up with things no normal kid would have been able to. It was not all that bad though. You said the 1960’s were great because of the music and the fact that you were still a kid. We will write a custom essay sample on One life ends, Another begins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You got to visit all your cousins spread out all over the Midwest before they grew up and went on with their own lives—one of them becoming a senator of Missouri. Of course, you grew up too. On the day of your graduation, your father wordlessly tossed an empty suitcase unto your bed. His stern gaze told you to leave. You joined the army. You said you, like everyone else, were brainwashed. The sergeants who screamed at you on a daily basis came out of the Second World War mentally scathed, and they were preparing the next generation for Vietnam. They said you were going to fight for your country, and you believed them. You were in the top three of your army recruiting class, and the three of you chose to stay behind for additional training to become a paratrooper instead of going straight to the jungle. You liked parachuting out of B-17 bombers. You and your fellow paratroopers would jump into the sky, being met with the sight of the Earth below. The sunrise projected rays of red, orange and yellow across the quiet atmosphere. All of you could enjoy the silence. From up there, you couldn’t see walls, borders, or colors of skin. You couldn’t see the conflict on the ground. In the end, rare and beautiful moments like that had to come to a close, and you were transferred to another base for more training. The base you were transferred to was integrated. Integration should have been the beginning of the end of racism, but it wasn’t. Your experience at this base should have propelled your career to new heights. Instead, your life in the army was near its end. The soldiers there were undisciplined and violent. They came at each other with killing knives if they were even slightly irritated. You also saw some interactions that made you feel sick. Your family raised you to believe that everyone was equal, but not everyone had the same beliefs as you. Once you passed by someone’s tent and heard screaming. You knew what was going on, but you continued walking while maintaining an expression of indifference. Later, you looked in a mirror and piddled with one of the pins on your uniform. Did you really want all this? Did you even want to go to Vietnam? Many of the ones who came back were missing limbs, and their eyes were devoid of life. You remembered what that man had looked like: his face mutilated to the point of not looking human. And all for what? You resigned with an honorable discharge and even turned down a chance to work at the Whitehouse. You wanted to leave that life behind you, but I think you never did. Sometimes you would have a grim expression on your face whenever we watched something like â€Å"Full Metal Jacket† or â€Å"Windtalkers.† The small hint of emotion behind your eyes proved that your past life never left you. Your father was in the hospital, and you decided to visit him to see how he was despite your rough relationship with him. You stood in the doorway, waiting to get his attention, and you regretted it. â€Å"What the hell are you doing here?† He had said to you. You left quietly and refrained from visiting him for a long time. In 1995 you married someone who didn’t have the same skin color as you. One day you waved to your neighbors with your spouse at your side, and they didn’t wave back. They also didn’t speak to the gay couple living next door, but you did. You talked to everyone—not caring if they were strange or not. You found that strange people tend to have more interesting lives than others. You had two kids. One is now in college, and the other is still in highschool. You think about them in your hospice bed. You would have preferred your death to be quick, but at least you had enough time to think of your family. You had the time to go over every detail of your life before you shut your eyes completely. You’ve been through and seen some crazy things—too much to list. You hid most of them from me because you did not want me to become like you. But I am. See you in the next life, dad.

Tess Of D`Urbervilles Essay Example For Students

Tess Of D`Urbervilles Essay Tess Of D`UrbervillesIf written today, Tess of the durbervilles by Thomas Hardy may have been calledJust Call Me Job or Tess: Victim of Fate. Throughout this often bleak novel, thereader is forced by Tesss circumstance to sympathize with the heroine (for lackof a better term) as life deals her blow after horrifying blow. One of thereasons that the reader is able to do so may be the fatalistic approach Hardyhas taken with the life of the main character. Hardy writes Tess as a victim ofFate. This allows the reader to not blame her for the things that happen aroundher. Much of the critical debate surrounding Tess centers around this verypoint: Is Tess a victim? Are the things that happen to Tess beyond her controlor could she have fought her way out of her circumstances? Better yet, couldHardy have written her out of her troubles or did his fatalistic approach to thenovel force him to ultimately sacrifice poor Tess? Further, Is Hardys approachto the novel and its main character truly fa talistic? In this essay, I willexplore these questions and the doctrine of Fatalism as it applies to Tess. We will write a custom essay on Tess Of D`Urbervilles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Fatalism is defined in Websters Dictionary as the doctrine that all thingstake place by inevitable necessity (175). Fatalism is the idea that allactions are controlled by Fate, a primitive force that exists independent ofhuman wills and outside of the controls of power of a supreme being such as Godbecause God ultimately has no power; he is a creation of man who granted Him Hispower. Since He doesnt truly possess those powers, he is left without theability to alter circumstances. In short, if one subscribes to this doctrine,you believe that Fate controls how things happen and God can do nothing to saveyou, even Tess. Overall, Tess seems to go through life experiencing one negativeevent after another. Fateful incidents, overheard conversations and undeliveredletters work against her ability to control the path her life takes. Tesssfuture seems locked up from the beginning of the novel. As the story opens, wefirst meet her father and learn of Tesss ancestry: Durbeyfieldare thelineal re presentative of the ancient and knightly family of the dUrbervillesthatrenowned knight who came from Normandyif knighthood were hereditary, like abaronetcy would be Sir John (4). Somehow the reader knows almostimmediately that this knowledge isnt necessarily going to save the poor clan,especially once we learn of the Fate of Tesss ancestors: Where do wedUrbervilles live? asks Sir John to the parson who responds,You dont live anywhere. You are extinct (5). If one believes in theconcept of natural selection, they probably realize rather quickly that thisisnt the best family from which to descend. Tess seems to sense her doomedstate. This is evidenced in her identification with the dUrberville clan. Examples of this are her ability to see or hear the dUrberville Coach and herrealization of her resemblance to the dUrberville woman of the farmhouse atWellbridge: fine features were unquestionably traceable in theseexaggerated forms (277). These eerie events suggest that the fateddUrberville blood undoubtedly flows through her veins. Another example ofTesss awareness of being ill fated is when she meets Alec. Tess laments abouther fate: Had she perceived this meetings import she might have asked whyshe was doomed to be seen and converted that day by the wrong man, and not bysome other man, the right and desired one in all respects (75). She may not haveknown what to call it, but she definitely applies the doctrine of Fatalism toherself which according to author Leonard Doob is a telltale sign of a personwho feels fated: When the principal is judging himself and believes that fate is affecting him, his perception is usuallydirect: he introspects, thinks, or meditates. But he may re spond indirectly whensomeone else, an observer,, gives him information about himselfFatalism by aprincipal, therefore, is a pessimistic inevitability doctrine applied by himabout himself to himself (7). If Tess didnt start life feeling as thoughFate was working against her, there are plenty of incidents which could easilyconvince her: the death of the family horse because of her negligence, theletter of confession that slipped beneath the carpet and caused her to enterinto marriage as a deception, the death of her father, and the return of Angeljust too late. Incident after incident seem to point to only one thing: Tess wasnot meant to have a happy existence. So does Tess believe that God can save her?Throughout the novel, we see Tess moving away from God. She is appalled by theevangelical sign-painter warning of damnation and tells him that his teachingsare horriblecursingkilling refusing to believe that Godsaid such things (97). Later, realizing that God cant help her, Tessprays t o Angel confessing her new religion in a letter: It has been somuch my religion ever since we were married to be faithful to you in everythought and look (127). Even Angel seems aware that God wont save Tess,thinking as he left, But, might some say, where was Tesss guardian angel?Where was the providence of her simple faith? Perhaps, like that other god ofwhom the ironical Tishbite spoke, he was talking, or he was pursuing, or he wasin a journey, or he was sleeping and not to be awaked (93). Othercharacters seem to buy into the idea of Fate as well. At the dairy, Angelchooses Tess over the other dairymaids who love Angel as much as she does, butthe dairymaids cant be mad at Tess because it is Fate which has made thechoice: Are you sure you dont dislike me for it? said Tess in a lowvoiceI dont knowI dont know, murmured Retty Priddle. I want to hate ee;but I cannot! Thats how I feel, echoed Izz and Marian (12). Nowwe turn to the question of whether or not Hardy could have saved Tess o r if hebelieved that Fate had determined his choices. There were chances throughout thenovel for Hardy to give Tess a break and throw her a bone. He chose not to doso. Critic Arnold Kettle see this decision as a necessity: Tesss death isartistically as inevitable as JulietsShe is up against a social situationthat she can do nothing to resolve except tragically, with drastic humanloss (23). It seems that if Hardy was to have been true to his art, he hadno choice but to kill poor Tess. It would be an error in criticism, however, toclaim without a doubt that Fate is the key player in Tesss demise. In fact, Itis actually rather easy to argue the other side of the coin. Hardys fatalism isextremely flawed. When in a pinch, he often relies on coincidence to furtherbeat Tess down: Alec showing up to save Tess after the party; his reappearanceas preacher; the letter slipping under the carpet; Angel slugging a man thatturns up later as Tesss boss. One could argue that this is all a bit toocon venient. Critic Dorothy Van Ghent seems to agree saying, We have allread or heard criticism of Hardy for his excessive reliance upon coincidence inthe management of his narrativeshe appears to be too much the puppeteerworking wires or strings to make events conform to his pessimistic andfatalistic ideas (56). Hardy ultimately plays God in a novel where Godis missing and throws negative circumstances in places where they may not havebeen without his manipulation. But you still have to admit, on the whole, ourpoor Tess still seems quite fated. So is Tess and ultimately Hardy responsiblefor the things that happen to our heroine or is there something larger workingagainst her? Critic Leon Waldoff writes that It seems impossible to readthe novel with a complete disregard of the idea that Tess is somehow responsiblefor her fateThe narration is everywhere buttressed by words such as doomed,destined, and fated. But the critical linking is never made and one remainsuncertain about why Tesss fate is inevitable (135). That moment of doubtand the unresolved question is where the argument of Fatalism in Tess gains itsmomentum. One point that I feel must be made. Some argue, including my fellowclassmates, that it was destiny that bring Alec and Tess together. I would arguethat it is not destiny but Fate. Often used as a synonym for destiny, Fatediffers slightly but significantly from the idea of destiny. Author Leonard Doobexplains in his book, Inevitability, the difference between the concepts:fate is associated with doom, which usually has the same negativeconnotationthere can be no hesitation that the principal with a fataldisease will gave a negative experienceDestiny, on the other hand,frequentlyagain by no means alwayssuggests good fortune and is herewithassigned an association with positive effect (7). I think we can all agreethat Tess suffers from a deficiency of good fortune so it must be Fate, notdestiny, that continues to deal her a losing hand. There will most l ikely neverbe agreement on Tesss and Hardys ability to change the outcome of the novel. .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .postImageUrl , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:hover , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:visited , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:active { border:0!important; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:active , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rosa Parks EssayNot ever really burying his flaws very deeply, Hardy seems to challenge thenotion that the flaws were necessary and lend themselves to the booksreadability. Critic Dorothy Van Ghent supports this idea writing thatHardy has, with great cunning, reinforced the necessity of the folkfatalism, and folk magicTheir philosophy and their skills in livingareindestructible, their attitudes toward events authoritatively urge a similarfatalism upon the reader, impelling him to an imaginative acceptance of thedoomrwrought series of accidents in the foreground of action (57). Itappears that Hardy intentionally left doubt as to Tesss playing into Fate or ifshe is playing a gainst it. But that is why the novel still grabs the reader likea good soap opera. Hardy, through his Fatalistic approach, invokes sympathy andconcern for poor Tess that keeps the reader turning each page in breathlessanticipation for whats next. Debate as we will, it can not be denied that Hardywrote a truly gripping novel. BibliographyDoob, Leonard. Inevitability: Determinism, Fatalism, and Destiny. New York:Greenwood Press, 1988. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the dUrbervilles. New York:MacMillan, 1991. Kettle, Arnold. Introduction to Tess of the dUrbervilles. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Tess of the dUrbervilles. Ed. AlbertLaValley, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969. 14-29. Van Ghent,Dorothy. On Tess of the dUrbervilles. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Tessof the dUrbervilles. Ed. Albert LaValley, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall, 1969. 48-61. Waldoff, Leon. Psychological Determinism in Tess ofthe dUrbervilles. Critical Approaches to the Fiction of Thomas Hardy. Ed. DaleKramer, London: MacMillan Press, 1979. 135-154.

nostradaumous essays

nostradaumous essays Michel de Nostredame otherwise known as the latinized name Nostradamus. Was born on December 14th, 1503 in St. Remy, France and was educated by his grandfather, Jean. Which he was taught mathematics and astrology. Also was taught three languages which include Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Nostradamus was the oldest son of his family and had four brothers. Nostradamus was a physician in France during a time that many plagues invaded the country. Not many things were known about Nostradamus early life except that he was homeschooled by his grandfather. In most of Nostradamus adult life he was trying to help many French people who were infected by some of the plagues that invaded France at that time. Nostradamus did in fact go to school to get a bachelors degree for medicine in 1532. Nostradamus is also known for being an astrologer which he did not receive a degree for, although there is no facts that he was a good or famous astrologer of his time, many people do mention that in their writ ings. Nostradamus is most famous for his book Centuries that he wrote in cryptic four line quatrains. Nostradamus does not have many accomplishments, but you could call his most famous prophecies his accomplishments because they were heard around the world. The prophecy that started his fame was one, which he predicted that the king of France would die in an accidental death. Four years later King Henri II was pitted against the count in a jousting tournament. Later on, angry mobs burned Nostradamus because of his psychic abilities. Amazingly enough, he managed to escape the mobs and continued in the completion of his book. One of Nostradamus predictions that are thought to be the most famous is his prediction of world revolution. In his book Centuries it states, In the year 1999 and seven months, from the sky will come the great terror king. He will return the life of the great Mongol king. Before and after warfare happily rul...

Plastic Surgery Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Plastic Surgery - Dissertation Example The concept of the script is to illustrate cruel beauty. The collection entails the clothes suitable for the autumn/winter of 2017. The clothes are menswear. Savage beauty under the context relates to the Japanese tattoo, the corset as well as plastic surgery. The use of the three beautification approaches is ancient in their form. From ancient civilizations, people are particular regarding enhancement of beauty. The use of the corset explains a garment that tends to befit the wearer into a shape that fits the garment and not the human. The Japanese’s tattoo reveals extreme measures. The clothing tends to train the torso into an aesthetic form. A view of the history includes the use of the corset by both genders with the most ancient picture of the attire being 2000BC to appear (Lemire and Riello, 2008: p.912). On the other hand, the Japanese tattoo explains the instance of body decoration. The implication is that the skin is a garment and one that cannot fade away after the a pplication of the ink. The tattoos have particular reasons such as for decorative or spiritual ends. The tattoos first image to come into contact with the modern man tends to date back to about 10,000BC (Westlake, 2012). On the other hand, plastic surgery is the alteration of the body form or the subsequent restoration. The practice dates back to the Old Kingdom that was in rule between 3000-2500BC (Westlake, 2012).The practices were also in practise in the ancient civilization of Egypt as per the Papyrus by Edwin Smith. However, the instance was in the repair of noses.

Being Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Being Me - Essay Example However, I chose not to have my marriage as a hurdle in the way of my education. Therefore, I discussed my desire of continuing studies with my husband. He was very reluctant to grant me permission to study. He was of the view that I might compromise upon my home in order to do good at studies. It took me as much as two whole years to convince him. I love him for finally understanding me. â€Å"You need not just a spouse, but a spouse who believes what you believe† (Onyemalech, n.d.). I assured him that home to me was just as important and sacred as it was to him, and convinced him that I would never compromise upon my home in any case. Becoming a Radiology Technologist had always been my dream. I worked in different areas in radiology including diagnostic, mammogram, MRI, and Cat Scan. By the grace of God, today I am the first female Director of Radiology at the medical center where I work. Today, when my high school class mates meet me, they become astonished to see me as a successful Radiology Technologist. The last thing they knew about me was that I had got married, and had said â€Å"good-bye† to studies. They expected me to have spent all of my life growing children. What makes all this even more interesting is that I managed to fulfill my duties as a wife and a mother along with taking my academic career and professional life to higher levels.

Yanomamo Tribe Essay Example for Free

Yanomamo Tribe Essay The Yanomamo tribes are a large population of native people in South America. They often reside in the Amazon rainforest, between the border of Brazil and Venezuela. Since their place of residency is remote and isolated, they have remained secluded from many aspects in the outside world. Due to their isolation, there are several characteristics of their culture and lifestyle that are affected by this. Some factors that result from their seclusion are their domestic life, clothing and diet. The Yanomamo’s physical environment consists of villages that usually contain their kin and lineages. The villages consist of about fifty people. In these villages they have a communal system, where they all live under one common roof called the shabono. The shabonos are an oval shape hut with covering around the edges but open ground in the center. The roof is supported by posts which signify each family’s individual areas. These habitats are built from raw materials from the surrounding jungle, such as leaves, vines and tree trunks. Unfortunately, when horrific conditions, such as weather and infestation of insects and animals occur, shabonos are very susceptible to damage. As a result, shabonos are rebuilt every one to two years. Not only do the Yanomamo use nature for their shabonos, they also depend on the forest for their â€Å"slash and burn† horticulture. â€Å"Slash and burn† horticulture is when they cut and burn forests to create fields for agriculture. When the areas become overused they from the â€Å"slash and burn† horticulture, the Yanomamo use shifting cultivation. Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, and then abandoned. This requires clearing a piece of land followed by several years of farming in order to loosen the soil for fertility. The Yanomamo are known as hunters, fishers, and horticulturists, cultivating as their main crops plantains and cassava. Another food source for the Yanomamo grubs. Traditionally they did not farm, and the practice of felling palms in order to facilitate the growth of grubs was their closest approach to cultivation. The conventional diet of the Yanomamo is low in salt, which makes their blood pressure the lowest of any cultural group on the planet. Historically, the Yanomamo were known as endocannibals. Endocannibalism is a rare form of cannibalism that usually occurs after death. The body of the deceased is burned in a remote region away from the village. The remaining bones and ash are then made into a fine powder which is then mixed into the juice of a plantain to make a beverage. This beverage is consumed by the deceased person’s relatives. This is called â€Å"drinking of the dead† which is thought to be the way for the deceased person’s soul to enter the body of their living descendants. They believe that this proves them with a spiritual and physical strength so they can fight the evils of the jungle. Another way that the Yanomamo connect with the spirits of the jungle is by taking hallucinogens. Hallucinogenic drugs are taken on a daily basis, because drugs are commonly available from the jungle. Some aspects found in nature that can be made into many different drugs are; the yakowana tree and the hisiomo tree. The yakowana trees bark is ground into snuff powder with they use to snort. The hisiomo trees seeds are packed into a cigar shaped and traded among the villages. One drug that is taken every day by the Yanomamo is called yopo. Yopo is made by grinding several natural roots and vines that are gathered in the rainforest. It is consumed by blowing the powder into another Yanomamo’s nostrils with a long tube called a mokohiro. Using this drug is very painful and causes blinding pains in the head and nausea. After they have achieved a trance state, they communicate with the spirit world and relate what they are seeing with chanting and dancing. This is one way that the Yanomamo connect with their fellow neighbors. Another way the Yanomamo unite with each other is through celebration. They celebrate a good harvests with a big feast to which nearby villages are invited. This celebration helps to maintain good relations with their neighbors by sharing their harvest. During the celebration, they decorate their bodies with feathers and flowers, eat a lot of food and the women dance and sing all night. These two aspects of the Yanomamo culture not only shows their social organization with fellow tribes but also their ideological aspects of culture. The technological advances of the Yanomamo include; baskets, wooden spears, arrow points, fire making sticks, quivers, bows and arrows, and blow guns. The women weave and decorate the baskets. They make both flat baskets and burden baskets which are carried by a strap around the forehead. Fire sticks are still often used to make a fire. The men carry quivers containing extra carved wooden spear and arrow points when they are out hunting. Around the outside of the quiver they also tie the fire making sticks. Making fire with sticks is a long and arduous process requiring skill and agility. Each quiver contains a bow and three arrows, which are designed to hunt small game. In order to make a blown gun, a piece of cane is used as the shaft which must be long and straight. A mouthpiece is added to one end of the cane which is cut or carved from wood. The darts for the blow dun are made by sharpening fibers and balance on the end with either cotton or the fiber of the kapok tree. They often use poison on the ends of the darts. They get this poison from a frog that inhabits there. After an extensive assessment of the life of the Yanomamo culture it is evident to me that the physical and social environment influenced their way of life tremendously. The location of the Yanomamo is a key role in their lifestyle based on the resources available to them including food sources, raw materials and supplies. If they didn’t live in their initial environment, nothing would be the same. By living in this environment, their culture has already established their lifestyles through surroundings due to the shabonos and way of agriculture. The way the shabonos are built cause the Yanomamo to become close with one another to become one big tribe. Without their way of agriculture, the Yanomamo’s wouldn’t consume the same foods, or even hunt the same way. Hallucinogens are another aspect that contributes to the physical environment. Without their environment, drugs wouldn’t be so prominent and their whole way of connecting to the spirits would change. Lastly, technology would change since they make their baskets and quivers out of nature resources found in their environment such as wood and cane. The social environment of the Yanomamo also plays a big part in their culture. The Yanomamo do hallucinogens with fellow neighbors to connect to the spirits and also forms a sense of belongingness with each other. When they do the hallucinogens they come together and connect to the spirits as one with song and dance. Aside from that, they also unite with each other through celebration. They celebrate a good harvests with a big feast to which nearby villages are invited which helps to maintain good relations with their neighbors. If the Yanomamo didn’t share their harvest with each other, they wouldn’t have as much food as they do and wouldn’t be able to survive alone. The Yanomamo use both physical and social environments in order to prosper and thrive in life.

Overpopulation and the Environment :: essays research papers

OVERPOPULATION & THE ENVIRONMENT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that the number of humans that live on this planet is the problem. We should develop new processes for stabilizing the current population. Overpopulation is becoming one of the most preeminent problems facing human civilization. This complicated, pervasive issue is a problem of the utmost importance for people of all races, religions, and nationalities. With our endless need of new information, we should be able to develop unique process to end these problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our planet now provides for approximately 5.8 billion people, with projections of around 10 billion by the year 2050. Two billion of these are extremely poor, the poorest of which live in absolute poverty and misery. The affects of overpopulation on human society are numerous. Suffering from a lack of resources, people are often driven to war when they become too populated for their available resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Increasing amounts of food, energy, water, and shelter are required to fulfill the needs of today’s society. The amount of land required for food production will grow increasingly larger, while the amount of available land will grow increasingly smaller. The resources required to maintain this rapid development is putting a strain on our current supplies of energy. Much of our energy is derived from the burning of fossil fuels releasing millions of tons of toxins into the atmosphere. All of the toxins released into the atmosphere cause harm to the environment as well as those who live around these locations. Currently there are groups with the sole purpose of saving the environment.

Single Sex Schools

Single Sex Schools In the present era, many of us have heard people, especially parents, discussing different topics concerning their children’s future. What are good things for them and what are not? One of these subjects is which school do you prefer to send your children to, single sex schools or co-ed schools? The answers are different depending on many reasons that support each person’s opinion, but for me I support schooling at single sex schools for the following reasons. First, at single sex schools there are fewer distractions for both boys and girls which lead to increased improvement in grade and test scores thus leading to superior academic achievement. On the contrary, at co-ed schools more fragmentation of attention which reduces the improvement of the education. Second, the students at single sex school have higher educational aspirations, more confidence in their abilities, and more positive attitude toward academics than students have at co-ed schools. Finally, single sex education protects the students from immorality and temptation. As a result, this arrangement will reduce the number of teen pregnancy and the number of students with sexually transmitted diseases that increases at co-education. The only drawback that makes many of the people (parents) not prefer education at these separated schools is the idea that students from single sex schools are more hesitant expressing their views in front of the opposite sex, and they have more trouble forming friendships with the opposite sex as well, but for me that’s not true. I believe they can interact in many different places such as their neighborhoods and other public areas. So let us leave the schools for studying only. In conclusion, I recommend replacing all middle and high schools to single sex schools. Why? Because the game of who likes who, who’s going out with whom, and who’s cool and who’s not, begin in these ages. So to broaden the student’s horizons, to allow them to feel free to explore their own strengths and interests and to create a successful generation I’d say yes to single sex schools. Single Sex Schools Single Sex Schools In the present era, many of us have heard people, especially parents, discussing different topics concerning their children’s future. What are good things for them and what are not? One of these subjects is which school do you prefer to send your children to, single sex schools or co-ed schools? The answers are different depending on many reasons that support each person’s opinion, but for me I support schooling at single sex schools for the following reasons. First, at single sex schools there are fewer distractions for both boys and girls which lead to increased improvement in grade and test scores thus leading to superior academic achievement. On the contrary, at co-ed schools more fragmentation of attention which reduces the improvement of the education. Second, the students at single sex school have higher educational aspirations, more confidence in their abilities, and more positive attitude toward academics than students have at co-ed schools. Finally, single sex education protects the students from immorality and temptation. As a result, this arrangement will reduce the number of teen pregnancy and the number of students with sexually transmitted diseases that increases at co-education. The only drawback that makes many of the people (parents) not prefer education at these separated schools is the idea that students from single sex schools are more hesitant expressing their views in front of the opposite sex, and they have more trouble forming friendships with the opposite sex as well, but for me that’s not true. I believe they can interact in many different places such as their neighborhoods and other public areas. So let us leave the schools for studying only. In conclusion, I recommend replacing all middle and high schools to single sex schools. Why? Because the game of who likes who, who’s going out with whom, and who’s cool and who’s not, begin in these ages. So to broaden the student’s horizons, to allow them to feel free to explore their own strengths and interests and to create a successful generation I’d say yes to single sex schools.

Mary Shelley s Frankenstein, And The Creature - 2747 Words

Growing up in a world learning a set of rules that are taught by love ones and then being push out of the world by following them. In Mary Shelley s life, she grew up listening to her father s rules then being looked down upon by being with someone she loved. She is young and is trying to find herself in the world. The story Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley looks through the three characters of Captain Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the Creature. The characters each have a different goal to achieve. When they achieve that goal, gaining the knowledge will either improve their well being or turn into a disaster. In Shelley s Frankenstein, the attainment of knowledge does improve and corrupt each of the characters through the perspective of literary allusion, science, and Gothic horror. First, Captain Walton was corrupted and improved through the perspective of literary allusion. Captain Walton wanted to go on a long journey putting himself and his men at risk. The captain was waiting to go by the sea of ice to travel to the North Pole and see the wondrous sight of the land. Captain Walton wants to gain fame and fortune by finding a way through the ice to the North Pole. He read lots of books and poems on big adventures and quests. That is what got him so intrigued in traveling where no man has gone before. He wanted to be well known like his favorite poets Shakespeare or Homer. He will even have his own crew men die from the long cold voyage out to sea just toShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Creature1244 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein Reading â€Å"Frankenstein†, there are many characters and plot twists, all of which become relevant through the book. Mary Shelley did a great job evolving these characters, with the detail and intricate story line. There are two main characters, Victor Frankenstein and the creature. Many opinions can be given about the two main characters because different things have other meanings to different readers. Victor was a mean and selfish man, but he had the courage and the strength to goRead MoreThe Creature Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1042 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Frankenstein, the creature was not looked at as human because of some of his features. He had different features than most humans did. He was very strong, and frightened others by his physical appearance. The creature contains the body parts of other humans. The creature has feelings for others. He has an understanding that he is not like the rest, so he does his best to blend in. He does his best to comm unicate with other humans. The creature also wants another creature so he is not lonelyRead MoreThe Creature Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe creature in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, who parallels Milton’s Eve and Satan in many ways, also makes choices based on his envy for human beings and Milton’s Adam. When the creature is hiding out by the De Lacy cottage, he finds books that include Paradise Lost. The creature acknowledges his feelings of envy saying that he feels like Satan because â€Å"often, like him, when I viewed the bliss of my protectors, the bitter gall of envy rose within me† (Shelley 90; vol.2; ch.7). The creature is enviousRead MoreSimilarities Between Frankenstein s Creature And Mary Shelley s Frankenstein916 Words   |  4 Pagesshow similarities between the Frankenstein’s creature and Mary Shelley’s. These indications show that the novel may be an autobiography. On the other hand, the novel sh ows a lot of the characteristics of science fiction. The novel cannot be classified as both, a real description and a fiction narrative, at the same time. An informed opinion about this controversy requires the evaluation of redundant critics. Sherry Ginn uses â€Å"Mary Shelley s Frankenstein: Science, Science Fiction, or AutobiographyRead MoreThe Creature And Protagonist Of The Story Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesVictor Frankenstein: creator of the creature and protagonist of the story †¢ Henry Clerval: Frankenstein s best friend who is murdered by the creature †¢ Elizabeth Lavenza: lived with Frankenstein family; married Victor †¢ Robert Walton: explorer who met Frankenstein on the Arctic ice †¢ Margaret Saville: recipient of a series of letters from her brother, Robert Walton †¢ Justine Moritz: wrongly executed for the murder of young William Frankenstein †¢ Felix De Lacey: unknowingly taught the creature to readRead MoreThe Miserable And Wretched Creatures Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Charles Dickens s A Christmas Carol1697 Words   |  7 Pagesand wretched creatures of Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† and Charles Dickens’s â€Å"A Christmas Carol† are all products of the same social and cultural forces, however one is more noticeably linked to these issues while the other is more abstract. The two child-like spirits, Ignorance and Want, serve as warnings to Scrooge that society will be littered with people ignorant and wanting like he is if he does not change his attitudes toward the poor. The relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his monsterRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1184 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Frankenstein, Mary Shelley uses a ‘framed narrative using three different characters who tell their story at different times of the novel. In the beginn ing of the story, the audience receives Captain Walton s point of view, who primarily writes letters to his sister Margaret Saville, in England. Secondly, the audience comes hand in hand with Victor Frankenstein s point of view and within his narrative, they receive the indomitable Creature s point of view. The major theme portrayedRead MoreThe Myth Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesfiction, Frankenstein. Shelley’s Frankenstein was deeply influenced by the Prometheus myth ranging from the history of the title, the action of the main character, and the consequences of performing the action. When the book was first published, Mary Shelley gave a hint of the Prometheus origin in the name of the book. Her original title in 1818 for this book was called â€Å"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus.† After the overwhelming success of Frankenstein in 1818, Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1527 Words   |  7 PagesShelley s narrative is seen to symbolize romantic fears, offering a tale of certain demise, one that gives technology negative connotations in the form of the creature whom is represented as an outcast of society. To emphasise this, the sublime settings in the text, provide a space where the marginalised can be heard, however, for in contrast to the power of beauty which works to contain and maintain social distinctions, the sublime in Frankenstein opens the way for the excluded to challenge theRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Mary Shelley’s book, Fra nkenstein, illness represents an essential theme. Shelley predominately uses illness to portray the desperate attempts of the main character, Victor Frankenstein, to withdraw from the brutality of reality. During the novel the frequent appearance of illness insinuates an ambiguous implication. However, the role infirmity plays and the reasoning for Frankenstein s recurring illness remain open to the interpretation of the reader. Overall, the continual use of illness

The Primary Language Of Mexico - 1029 Words

Mexico is a country in North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States. Mexico is the third largest country in Latin America and has a population 121,736,809 people (2015). The country consist of 31 states and 1 federal district (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (Veracruz), Yucatan, Zacatecas. The primary language is Spanish fallowed by indigenous languages such as mayan, nahuatl, and other regional languages. Mexico is the site of several advanced amerindian civilizations - including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec. The Olmecs, Mexico’s first known society, settled on the Gulf Coast near what is now Veracruz. Remembered for the giant head sculptures they carved from native stone, the Olmecs had two main population centers: San Lorenzo, which flourished from about 1200 to 900 B.C., and La Venta in Tabasco, which lasted until about 600 B.C. The Mayans, widely considered to be pre-Columbian America’s most brilliant civilization, thrived betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Education System Of Mexico935 Words   |  4 Pages Mexico Education System In Mexico, basic education is divided in the following levels, Preschool, Elementary, Junior High, High School, and Universities. Preschool is required for all children from ages 3-5. Students upon completion receive a graduation document which is required before entering primary school. Their third year of preschool is equivalent to America’s kindergarten. The main objective is to promote the comprehensive development of emotional, social, physical, and cognitive skillsRead MoreMexican Educational System.1224 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide a directive for promoting educational systems, and Mexico has had to address the difficult problem of providing an educational system for hundreds of different indigenous languages and cultures (Improving 1). Though the Mexican governments of the last two decades have attempted to address educational reform, there are a number of difficulties that have presented themselves, including a growing school-aged population and the issues of langua ge and culture, which have prevented any major widespreadRead MoreThe Integration Of The Language Acquisition888 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hello† – an expression or gesture used as a greeting – is one of the words that can distinguish the language characteristics of the following three subjects interviewed for this project. Schumann’s Acculturation model may help explain the retention of the subjects’ second language acquisition. In summary, the Acculturation Model consists of two groups of variables leading to acculturation: social and affective variables. Social variables are those that combine between two social groups who areRead MoreCall Center Customer Service: A Comparison of Mexico and India1152 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: CALL CENTERS CUSTOMER SERVICE Call center customer service: A comparison Mexico India. Your Name Your School Abstract The new generations of customer service call centers have developed rapidly over previous generations. Whereas once call centers were limited by geographic proximity, technology has removed such barriers and opened many doors to potentially outsourcing many different business functions to reduce overhead. Foreign call center services can now include such comprehensiveRead MoreEducational Reform Research : Bilingual Education1691 Words   |  7 Pagestaught in English are often called bilingual education if the students in that program are classified as English Language Learners (ELL’s) or Limited English Proficient (LEP’s). â€Å"To be clear, then, as to the definition: bilingual education is instruction provided to students in their native tongue in all subjects in a self-contained classroom with other students who speak the same language. The students are also taught English, by their bilingual education teacher† (Rossell, 2009 p. 4). BilingualRead MoreCommunication Is Critical And The Bonding Process857 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences are important when planning approaches to negotiations. Adjusting situations accordingly is necessary for successful presentations. Furthermore, successful presentations depend on excellent communication. Miscommunication increases with language barriers in more than one way (Chaney, 2013). An interpreter is extremely important; a translator minimize miscommunication due to comprehending difficulties with both parties. Unforeseen questions and concerns lack immediate attention withoutRead MoreThe Education System Of Mexico943 Words   |  4 PagesMexico Education System Education in Mexico is divided in to five levels, Preschool, Elementary, Junior High, High School, and Universities. Preschool is required for all children from ages 3-5. Students upon completion receive a graduation document which is required before entering primary school. Their third year of preschool is equivalent to America’s kindergarten. The main objective is to promote the comprehensive development of emotional, social, physical, and cognitive skills in young childrenRead MoreCultural Influences Of Mexico And Aztecs1480 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the period of the 1st to 16th century, Mexico experienced the emergence and rise of powerful civilizations such as the Teotihuacan, Toltec and ultimately, the greatest empire, Aztec. Many cultural and economic practices of these Mexican civilizations were borrowed from the prior civilization, adapted, and then further developed upon and while many aspects of these practices stayed the same through this time, signific ant changes occurred as well. The term culture is definedRead MoreEducation is key to knowledge that strengthens the perspectives, skills, and abilities of learners1500 Words   |  6 Pagesexpenses, poor resources, few transportation opportunities, poor technology, crammed schools, little individual attention and support by teachers and or parents (Frankema 2008). Health problems also affect children’s abilities to take opportunity of primary education (Frankema 2008). Cultural and economic expectations also negatively affect many kids, as girls may be expected to do domestic work and boys to do outside labor; child labor take educational opportunities away (Torche 2010; Frankema 2008)Read MoreThe Issue of Immigration: The Hispanic-American Diversity1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbarriers. In reality, there are a many similarities between Hispanic groups but there are also many differences that characterize each group as being unique. Among the Hispanic groups that have immigrated to America are considerable numbers from Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Central and South America. Just like most Americans whose background includes a mixture of immigrants from various countries throughout Europe and Asia, many Hispanics who have come to America share the same cultural mixing

How Does Attachment Influence The Social And Emotional...

How does attachment influence the social and emotional development of the child? A child’s social and emotional development has significant implications for the social functioning of a child throughout their lives, in their education, friendships and employment. A child with poor or social and emotional development are at risk of experiencing poor relationships with peers, academic problems and can lead them into involvement in unsociable activities or crime. Research suggests the key to social and emotional development lies in the child’s early relationship with parents and caregivers. It is believed that children develop and thrive better when they are brought up in an environment where the caregiver satisfies a child’s needs physically and emotionally. A British psychiatrist, John Bowlby, developed a theory around these parent-child relationships called attachment theory. Throughout the Late 1930s and 1940s a psychologist John Bowlby investigated the nature a nd the purpose of the close relationships that a person forms with people throughout their lives, in particular, childhood. He researched the making and breaking of bonds to understand the psychological behavior and social and emotional development of human being (Howe, 1995, P46). As a result of these investigations and studies Bowlby developed a theory called the ‘Attachment Theory’. The basis of this theory is that â€Å"the infant and young child should experience warm, intimate and continuous relationships betweenShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Early Childhood Trauma On Relationships1656 Words   |  7 Pagesturn four. Early childhood trauma is the experience of an event by a child that is emotionally painful or distressful. Consequently, exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with a wide range of psychosocial and developmental impairments. Nilsson, Holmqvist, Jonson (2011) conducted a study that found trauma related experiences (particularly in chil dhood) relate to dissociative symptoms and an insecure attachment style. Accordingly, Erozkan (2016) also indicated that victims of earlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Childhood Experiences Of Children And The Social And Economic Benefits Of Early Intervention1553 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood experience to later life emotional, social and cognitive development into adulthood in the Uk, using the attachment and behaviorism theory to examine childhood experiences, as it forms parts of child’s development. I will be looking into the factors affecting social, emotional and cognitive development of children, strategies to improving service delivery of early intervention in children and the Social and economic benefits of early intervention. Attachment theory is a concept in developmentalRead MoreSocial Emotional Development During The First Three Years1407 Words   |  6 Pages Social Emotional Development in the first three years. Social Emotional development is a child’s ability to control his or her emotions by self-regulating. It also is the child’s ability express his or her feelings in the appropriate way. Temperament is the combination of mental, physical, and emotional traits of a person; natural predisposition. (Temperament | Define Temperament at Dictionary.com, n.d.). Your temperament regulates your social emotional development. When you look at your temperamentRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1581 Words   |  7 Pagesdramatic developmental changes occur in the prenatal development, infancy and childhood, as new-borns develop into young adulthood capable of becoming a parent themselves. This assignment will discuss the developmental stage of a chosen child scenario and apply to John Bowlby’s theory of attachment. It will also discuss the key safeguarding issues within the child scenario and how they could have been prohibited. Scenario The chosen child scenario for this assignment is Paul (see appendix). PaulRead MoreBiological And Environmental Factors That Influence Pre Conception And Prenatal Health And Development1061 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples for how you have demonstrated mastery of each topic. Demonstrate knowledge of biological and environmental factors that influence pre-conception and prenatal health and development. What I learn from the biological factors that influence the pre-conception and prenatal health and development, that whatever the mother consumes it will be dangerous for the baby. The brain is the important part if the development of the child. However, if the mother has a bad nutrition, her emotional conditionsRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1096 Words   |  5 Pagescentral theme in developmental psychology is the question of how development can be conceptualized. One approach is to divide development into different stages. For example Freud (..) and Piaget (2003, 2000, 1985) described development as a qualitatively distinct series of stages. But there has been criticism about stage-based approaches in terms of how it is able to take on account the individual differences between children in development. The focus of this essay is on Piaget’s theory because itRead MoreBowlby’s Attachment Theory Essay example1156 Words   |  5 PagesBowlby’s attachment theory has greatly influenced practice. His theory of attachment explains the importance of having a figure that the child shares a strong bond with. Having an attachment can significantly support a child’s development as Barbara Woods suggests that â€Å"his theory of attachment proposed that attachment is innate in both infants and mothers, and that the formation of this attachment is crucial for the infants development† Wood, B (2001, p.53). Bowlby believed that forming an attachmentRead MoreSecure Attachment Relationship Between Young Children And Their Families898 Words   |  4 PagesSecure Attachment Relationship The mother is usually the first and primary object of attachment for an infant, but in many cultures, babies become just as attached to their fathers, siblings, and grandparents. When infants are attached to their caregivers, they gain a secure base from which babies can explore their environment and a haven of safety to return to when they are afraid. Attachment begins with physical touching and cuddling between infant and parent. Some babies become secure or insecureRead MoreWhat Is The Theories Of Three Human Development Theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Theory Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages Human development is an essential aspect in early childhood education. This essay is going to discuss the theories of three human development theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory is concerned with family, cultural and social influences and all the other environmental element s. Bowlby’s Attachment theory and Stages of attachment and Ainsworth’s â€Å"Strange Situation† research which breaks down attachment into three types are relatedRead MoreThe Key Theories Of Attachment1646 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Bowlby, the backbone of attachment theories will be discussed throughout this essay to explain and evaluate the key theories of attachment. Health and well-being which is made up of four factors ‘physical, intellectual, emotional and social (Jones, 2016), will also be discussed within the essay. The definition of attachment is ‘an act of attaching or the state of being attached. (Dictionary, 1400) This will be showed in the assignment, using theorists to analyse the meaning. Sharing the

Othello Essay Research Paper OTHELLO ACT I free essay sample

Othello Essay, Research Paper ^OTHELLO: Act I Shakespeare # 8217 ; s narrative of green-eyed monster, treachery, and murderbegins on a street in Venice in the center of the dark. Roderigo has merely learned that Desdemona, the womanhe loves, has eloped with Othello, a Moresque general hired to take the Venetian ground forces against the Turks.Roderigo is angry at Iago, the immature Venetian he # 8217 ; s been paying to play # 8220 ; matchmaker- # 8221 ; for him andDesdemona. But Iago has other jobs. He # 8217 ; s ferocious with Othello for holding chosen Michael Cassio as hisLieutenant alternatively of himself, who has served loyally as Othello # 8217 ; s ensign. Iago hides an evil nature under amask of honestness, and he delights in the agony of others. With his green-eyed monster as a partial alibi, he sets out toarrange Othello # 8217 ; s ruin. Roderigo and Iago awaken Brabantio, a Venetian Senator and Desdemona # 8217 ; sfather, to state him that his girl has run off with Othello. Despite the regard Brabantio has for Othello as asoldier, he is leery of him personally because he is a alien. Iago convinces Brabantio that Othelloseduced Desdemona utilizing appeals and enchantments. Iago finds Othello at the hostel where he and Desdemona arespending their honeymoon. Iago warns him that Brabantio # 8217 ; s angry, but Othello feels he has done no incorrect. Agroup of work forces, led by Cassio, arrives to cite Othello to the Senate for an exigency war council.Immediately following, Brabantio arrives with his protagonists to set Othello in prison. Othello calmly suggeststhat they all go to the Senate and allow the Duke decide who is in the right. In the Senate Chamberss, Othelloexplains how he and Desdemona fell in love: as he told her of his escapades throughout the universe, she listenedwith awe and understanding. Their common attractive force was undeniable, and it happened without appeals or potions.Desdemona is sent for, and she non merely confirms Othello # 8217 ; s narrative but pledges her love for him. Brabantio, seeing that he # 8217 ; s defeated, is devastated. Othello is sent to Cyprus to contend the Turks. Desdemona will fall in himthere, accompanied by Iago and his married woman, Emilia. Meanwhile, Iago formulates a program capitalising on Othello # 8217 ; sopen and trustful nature and Cassio # 8217 ; s good expressions. The inside informations of the program are still probationary, but Iago # 8217 ; sobjectives are steadfast: to see Othello ruined and to win Cassio # 8217 ; s occupation as lieutenant. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: ACT IIThe war ends all of a sudden and out of the blue when the Turkish fleet retreats, overpowered by a storm. Othelloarrives and is gleefully reunited with Desdemona. The Moor calls for a jubilation in award of his matrimony andthe terminal of the war. That dark, Iago urges Roderigo ( who has come to Cyprus in the hopes of winningDesdemona after all ) to pick a battle with Cassio and acquire the immatur e lieutenant in so much problem that he willlose his occupation. Iago gets Cassio rummy, Roderigo starts an statement that leads to a blade battle, and Montano, the retiring governor of Cyprus, is injured seeking to halt the bash. Othello is awakened by the commotion andpromptly fires Cassio. The broken lieutenant is encouraged by Iago # 8217 ; s advice to near Desdemona andbeg for his occupation. Cassio doesn # 8217 ; t recognize that this is all portion of Iago # 8217 ; s program. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: ACT III Cassiogoes to Desdemona, who promises to assist. Sing them together, Othello # 8211 ; prompted by Iago # 8211 ; feels thestirrings of green-eyed monster. When Desdemona asks her hubby to give back Cassio # 8217 ; s occupation, Iago rapidly points out toOthello that her behaviour is so leery. Othello demands that Iago turn out his innuendos regardingCassio and Desdemona. Unfortunately for her, Desdemona has dropped the hankie given to her byOthello. Iago # 8220 ; workss # 8221 ; the hankie in Cassio # 8217 ; s room and cites it as the # 8220 ; proof # 8221 ; Othello demands. Cassio, surmising nil, gives the hankie to Bianca, his kept woman. Meanwhile, Iago tells Othello that he hasseen the hankie in Cassio # 8217 ; s custodies. When Othello asks Desdemona to demo him the hankie, shelies and says she still has it, but can # 8217 ; t demo it to him. Othello, convinced of her guilt, resolves that she andCassio will decease. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: ACT IV Though a batch has happened, Iago has merely begun. He arrangesfor Othello to listen in as he maneuvers Cassio into speaking about Bianca # 8217 ; s love for him. Othello thinks he # 8217 ; sreferring to Desdemona. In a rage, Othello vows to strangulate Desdemona that really dark. He asks Iago to killCassio. Lodovico, a relation of Desdemona, arrives from Venice. He brings a missive from the Venetian Senateasking Othello to return to Venice, and giving Cassio control of Cyprus. Desdemona is delighte d by the intelligence, and Othello, believing her joy is for Cassio, hits her in forepart of their invitees. That dark, Othello tries to pressureEmilia into acknowledging that Desdemona has cheated on him, but Emilia swears that her kept woman is pure andinnocent. Othello refuses to believe her. Iago persuades Roderigo that killing Cassio is the best manner for him towin Desdemona. With forebodings of decease on her head, Desdemona prepares for bed.^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: ACT V Roderigo attacks Cassio, but merely wounds him. Cassio, in bend, manages towound Roderigo, and Iago, hidden in the dark, stabs Cassio in the leg. Cassio # 8217 ; s calls bring Lodovico andothers running from their suites. Cassio identifies Roderigo as his aggressor, and Iago, feigning to avengethe lieutenant, kills Roderigo to forestall him from squealing their secret plan. In Desdemona # 8217 ; s sleeping room, Othello looksat her dormant figure with a combination of love and hatred. She awakens, and he announc es his purpose to killher for her Acts of the Apostless of criminal conversation. Desdemona protests that she is guiltless, but Othello smothers her, certain that themurder is an act of justness. Emilia comes in with intelligence of Roderigo # 8217 ; s decease. Othello admits to holding killedDesdemona, but says he had to because she was unfaithful. The bereaved Emilia protests, until Othellotells her Iago told him of Desdemona # 8217 ; s matter with Cassio. Emilia cries out, and Lodovico, Iago, and otherscome running. When Othello cites the hankie as cogent evidence of his married woman # 8217 ; s unfaithfulness, Emilia eventually realizes thather hubby # 8217 ; s immorality. Iago kills her to protect himself, so makes a tally for it. Montano and Gratiano rush out tochase Iago, and when they return with the impenitent scoundrel, Othello tries to knife him. He merely wounds him, though, and Lodovico orders Othello # 8217 ; s blade be taken from him. Lodovico Tells of letters fo und in Roderigo # 8217 ; spocket associating Iago with the confederacy to kill Cassio. With his last words, Roderigo besides accuses Iago. Afterbidding those around him to retrieve him as # 8220 ; one that loved non sagely, but excessively good, # 8221 ; Othello stabs himselfwith a sticker he had hidden in his cloak. Kissing Desdemona, he dies. Lodovico takes charge, orderingCassio to regulate Cyprus and condemning Iago to decease. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: OTHELLO Shakespeare # 8217 ; stragic hero is a strong, powerful, dignified Moor. He has come to Venice as a soldier-of-fortune, hired by thestate to assist Venice win their war against the Turks. He spends nine months in Venice, where his leadershipand kindness have made him a popular general. Although born a heathen ( a non-Christian ) he has converted toChristianity. While in Venice, he spends many eventides in the place of Brabantio, a Venetian Senator. Heentertains Brabantio and his invitees with narratives of his travels around the universe. He tells fantastic and exotictales of unusual people with antic imposts and unusual visual aspects. His narratives attract the attending ofBrabantio # 8217 ; s beautiful girl, Desdemona, who listens to his words with such avidity and sympathy thathe falls in love with her. She returns his love, and they elope, cognizing that Brabantio would disapprove of hisdaughter get marrieding an older adult male of another race, category, and state. To hear Othello # 8217 ; s narrative up until theelopement with Desdemona is about to hear a fairy narrative # 8211 ; the narrative of a fine-looking warrior brushing abeautiful immature princess off her pess, off from the clasps of her genitive male parent, and on to happiness.One reader has said that it # 8217 ; s about as if Othello has appeared from wonderland ; his narratives of his yesteryear arethat rich and charming. Shakespeare, nevertheless, has made Othello a human being, non a character from a fairy tale. Unlike other Shakespearean tragic heroes, Othello is non a prince or a male monarch, although he is descendedfrom # 8220 ; work forces of royal besieging # 8221 ; ( rank ) . In Venice he is seen as a professional soldier, a all right and brave one, but still a hired general. By puting him closer to the common adult male, Shakespeare makes Othello easier toidentify with, more sympathetic. His narrative could be our narrative, and his mistakes our mistakes. Othello # 8217 ; s good qualitieseasily outweigh the bad. We know he # 8217 ; s powerful, weather, and important ; the regard given to him by theVenetian Senate Tells us that. He # 8217 ; s besides soft and romantic. The narrative he tells of wooing Desdemona is richand poetic, and his early scenes with his married woman show him full of love and devotedness. Cassio # 8217 ; s trueness to him showsthat Othello is well-liked by his soldiers. When Cassio feels he has lost Othello # 8217 ; s regard, he is broken-hearted.There are besides qu alities about Othello that have a good side and a bad side. One of these is his unfastened andtrusting nature. Othello believes that others are honorable and sincere until he has proof that they # 8217 ; re non. Thisopen-hearted love of his fellow adult male makes Othello an attractive and generous friend. But it besides leaves himsusceptible to Iago # 8217 ; s scheming ; Iago knows his program will work because Othello trusts him and has no ground tosuspect that his loyal ensign would intrigue against him. Othello is besides naif, peculiarly about adult females. Hesays: For since these weaponries of mine had seven old ages # 8217 ; pith Tiff now some nine Moons wasted, they have usedTheir dearest action in the tented field ; Act I, Scene three, lines 83-86 Having spent most of his life in armycamps, Othello knows little of adult females and love. This naivety has charm in the first act, where the strong andpowerful general admits to being a shy and cautious lover. In the 3rd act , nevertheless, Othello # 8217 ; s inexperienceallows Iago to convert him that he doesn # 8217 ; t understand Venetian adult females, that they are known for rip offing ontheir hubbies. As a professional soldier, Othello has gained a strong repute. The subject he haslearned has earned him the regard of the Venetians, who severely necessitate his aid. When he fires Cassio, it # 8217 ; s tomake an illustration of him to the remainder of the soldiers. And he refuses to reinstate him as a affair of principle.Sadly, it is this rigorous codification of award # 8211 ; both military and private # 8211 ; that forces Othello to kill Desdemona. When aman # 8217 ; s award is lost, harmonizing to this codification, he must win it back. For Othello, this means Desdemona # 8217 ; s decease, which he sees as an act of justness, non of retaliation. Equally painful as it is for him, he doesn # 8217 ; t see that he has achoice. He is a soldier, trained to populate by the regulations. The last of these # 8220 ; double-edged # 8221 ; virtuousnesss is Othello # 8217 ; spowerful poetic imaginativeness. The narratives he weaves for Desdemona are rich and impressive. As Othello retellsthe narrative of his wooing in the Senate office, the Duke is so smitten that he understands how his girl waswon by such narratives. Othello can weave thaumaturgy with his narratives and transform the truth into poesy. Yet this richimagination has a disability: it makes Othello vulnerable to Iago # 8217 ; s narratives of Desdemona # 8217 ; s unfaithfulnesss. Othello # 8217 ; simagination runs wild with Iago # 8217 ; s invented inside informations and # 8220 ; proofs. # 8221 ; The most common position of Othello # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; tragicflaw # 8221 ; is that he # 8217 ; s a covetous individual who allows green-eyed monster to predominate over good sense. But is jealousy Othello # 8217 ; sproblem? Or is he, as he says, a adult male who is non easy made covetous? Is this the calamity of a adult male non jealousby nature, who is made covetous by the barbarous uses of Iago? Read Act III, Scene iii carefully, and judgefor yourself whether Othello is by nature covetous. Othello is besides a passionate adult male, and this makes himexciting. But he admits that he has a ardent pique ( Act II, Scene three, lines 207-212 ) . Iago capitalizes on Othello # 8217 ; sexcitability. Once Iago has convinced the Moor that Desdemona # 8217 ; s holding an matter with Cassio, Othello movesto his deathly retaliation rapidly and single-mindedly. Always remember that Othello is a alien. Despite hisstrength and pride, he is neer wholly at place, and is invariably cognizant that others consider him aforeigner. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: IAGO What is Iago # 8217 ; s motive in destroying Othello # 8217 ; s life? This inquiry haspuzzled readers and bookmans for centuries. Iago is a absorbing, complex character who can # 8217 ; t be analyzed insimple footings. Like many people you meet, Iago c an be cryptic and baffling. Merely when you think youunderstand him, he does or says something wholly perplexing. Shakespeare was evidently fascinated bythe adult male # 8211 ; he gave Iago more lines than any other character in his work # 8211 ; more than Hamlet, King Lear, orOthello. Here are some of the facts we know about Iago: He is a 28-year-old Venetian who is Othello # 8217 ; s # 8221 ; ancient # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; ensign, # 8221 ; a relatively low-ranked commissioned officer. He seems to hold no history of dirtydeeds ; in fact, about every character in the drama calls him # 8220 ; honest. # 8221 ; ( The word is applied to Iago 15 times inthe drama. ) He # 8217 ; s married to Emilia, a salty vocal adult female ; they seem to digest each other. If theirs was alove lucifer, we # 8217 ; re neer told, and it # 8217 ; s hard to think. Let # 8217 ; s expression at some possibilities that might explainingIago # 8217 ; s behaviour. 1. He loves evil for evil # 8217 ; s interest. Some characters in Elizabethan play are merely exhaustively bad ; they were born that manner. From this point of position, Iago needs no motivation. He merely loves to see people suffer.2. He is motivated by green-eyed monster. In the drama he expresses openly his green-eyed monster of Cassio and Othello. He isjealous of Cassio # 8217 ; s occupation and of Othello # 8217 ; s success as a soldier and with Desdemona. 3. He is seeking revenge.The rumours that Othello has slept with Emilia and the possibility that Cassio has besides slept with her injury Iago # 8217 ; spride and do him desire to see both work forces ruined. 4. He is motivated by a force he merely doesn # 8217 ; t understand.The grounds he offers throughout the drama are frequently contradictory. Iago bits at whatever excuse he can tojustify his atrocious behaviour. As you look over the text, seek to make up ones mind which of these ( or other ) grounds explainIago. Remember that his motivations may overla p. If there were a simple manner to explicate Iago, he wouldn # 8217 ; t be theintriguing character that has appalled and thrilled audiences for 100s of old ages. Iago does hold qualities onwhich everyone can hold. Here are some of them: 1. He is a fantastic histrion. For old ages, he has fooled everyone into believing he # 8217 ; s honest. Even if Emilia suspects him of being a rogue, she has no thought that he # 8217 ; struly evil. You # 8217 ; ve seen newspaper studies about the mild-mannered individual tungsten ho suddenly is discovered to be amass murderer; neighbors who are interviewed often say, â€Å"He was the nicest person, so polite and friendly! Ican’t believe he was capable of such a crime!† Friends of Iago would have said the same thing about him. 2.He is amoral. An amoral person has no moral standards at all. Iago never thinks twice about his behavior. Heplunges ahead without a twinge of guilt or regret. Even when the innocent Desdemona becomes a victim of theplot, Iago has no pangs of conscience. He moves to satisfy himself, no matter who suffers. And he goes to hisdeath without a word of regret! 3. He is highly intelligent. Iago plots his actions knowing how everyone willrespond. His insight into the behavior of others is practically perfect; he can adapt himself to the personality ofwhoever he is with–from Roderigo to Desdemona to Cassio to Othello, knowing just how to â€Å"play† him or her.Ironically, the one person he misreads is Emilia; he doe sn’t suspect her loyalty to Desdemona outweighs herfeelings for him. 4. He is an egotist. His opinion of everyone except himself is very low. He laughs at Othello’strusting nature, thinks Roderigo is a gullible fool, treats Emilia as a shrew, and scorns Cassio’s honest virtues.The only person he respects is himself, and everything he does in the play is for the satisfaction of his ownego. 5. He is a cynic. He shows contempt for all conventional standards of decency. He is loyal only when itserves his own needs. He delights in dishonesty. He doesn’t believe in romantic love, attributing it to a sexualitch. His opinion of the human race is so low that he allows innocent people to die without a word of regret. 6.He is extremely proud. Suspicions that Othello has slept with Emilia eat away at him. Othello’s appointment ofCassio makes him furious. Iago sees anything that threatens his self-esteem as a personal insult, which mustbe avenged. He isnâ€℠¢t angered by the thought of Othello in bed with Emilia because he loves her, but becauseanother man has gotten the best of him! Villains in literature are always a source of scary fun. Shakespeare,fortunately, has created in Iago more than just a villain. Iago is a complex character who combines enormousintelligence with an impulse to see others suffer. We may get a vicarious thrill as we watch him operate, butfeel a great sense of relief when justice is finally served. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: DESDEMONA As a youngVenetian woman, Desdemona has lived a sheltered life in her father’s home. She falls in love, probably for thefirst time, with a man several years older than herself, from a faraway land, and of a different race. She’scaptivated by the man’s stories and wishes she were a man so that she might also have an exciting life.Knowing that her father would disapprove of her marriage to such a man, she elopes with Othello and goeswith him to the war zone. Desdemonaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s portrait is that of a lovely, courageous, gentle woman, deeply in lovewith her husband. Is she a perfect character, free from flaws? Most Elizabethans wouldn’t have thought so.They would have seen her as disobedient and disrespectful. A nice young lady simply didn’t marry behind herfather’s back. They would have shared Brabantio’s disapproval of her marriage to a man of a different class,age, and race. And when Desdemona pleads with Othello to reinstate Cassio, Elizabethans would haveconsidered her a pushy, interfering wife. This is not to say that Shakespeare’s audiences weren’t moved byDesdemona’s death. It’s just that their opinion of her was influenced by social customs no longer current.Today, her behavior toward Brabantio, though perhaps insensitive, is forgivable; her begging Othello, even if itcomes close to nagging, is hardly a major flaw. If Iago represents evil in the world, Desdemona may representthe good t hat evil often destroys. She is guilty only of loving her husband too much. She has no defenseagainst his terrible accusations because she is young and inexperienced. There’s been no room in hercloistered world for the kind of thoughts Othello thinks she is hiding. She doesn’t even believe that there arewomen who are unfaithful to their husbands! If you look at what other characters say about Desdemona, you’llfind that everyone praises her innocence, her goodness, her generosity. She risks her husband’s angerbecause she promised Cassio she would help him. Desdemona inspires such devotion in Emilia that she isprepared to die for her. Even on her deathbed, she won’t betray her husband. Rather than have him accused ofthe murder, she takes responsibility for it. Is Desdemona a believable character? Is there anyone who can beso self-sacrificing? Shakespeare is careful to give her a few minor flaws–her treatment of Brabantio, herstubborn persisten ce about Cassio, her lie about the handkerchief–to make her realistic. But our overallimpression of her is highly favorable, it’s her very innocence that makes her a victim of circumstance. Howcould such a person know about or prepare herself for the likes of Iago? ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: CASSIOCassio is an attractive, likeable young man who seems to be a good choice for Othello’s lieutenant. He’s loyalto Othello, and is crushed when he errs and Othello fires him. It is partly Cassio’s determination to make thingsright with Othello that allows Iago to succeed: Cassio tries to win Othello’s favor by going through Desdemona;it’s this friendship Iago misrepresents to Othello. Cassio has many youthful faults: he’s rash, impatient, and notvery serious about his relationship with Bianca. He also can’t handle his liquor. Yet the offenses Iago suspectshim of–sleeping with Emilia, having an affair with Desdemona–are all in Iago’s mind. The innocent Cassioalmost becomes a victim of Iago’s treachery. Roderigo and Iago almost succeed in killing him. At the end ofthe play, however, Cassio is awarded control of Cyprus, and we believe that the island is in good hands. Hissurvival tells us that order and decency will survive, despite the price that has been paid. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO:EMILIA It’s astonishing how quickly our opinion of Emilia changes. When she first appears, she seems littlemore than coarse, hard-edged, and world-weary. Her opinion of men is very low–after all, she says, it’s owingto men’s faults that women cheat on them as much as they do. We’re also distressed when Emilia findsDesdemona’s handkerchief and doesn’t return it to her. She’s merely following Iago’s instructions, and can’tknow what he has in mind, but still, she’s being dishonest. However, she redeems herself when she discoversDesdemona near death. Emilia’s grief and her willingness to die for the truth tell you that her rough exterior hashidden a good and generous heart (at least where Desdemona is concerned). As one critic said aboutEmilia’s last moments: â€Å"If she lived forever she never could soar a higher pitch, and nothing in her life becameher like the losing it.† ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: RODERIGO Does Roderigo fall into Othello’s clutches becausehe’s foolish or because he’s unlucky? This is a difficult question to answer. All we know of Roderigo’s past isthat Desdemona rejected him when he tried to court her. There’s no question that Roderigo makes somestupid assumptions: 1) that he can â€Å"buy† Desdemona; 2) that she is having an affair with Cassio just becauseIago tells him it is true; 3) that killing Cassio will make Desdemona turn to him for love. We watch Roderigowith amazement. We wonder when he’s going to realize that Desdemona doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t love him and never will. But,in his defense, Roderigo may be just unlucky to have fallen into Iago’s clutches. As we know, Iago is a mastermanipulator. He is able to deceive people who are stronger and smarter than Roderigo. And remember thatRoderigo is a man in love and particularly susceptible to being fooled. If you’ve ever had a crush on someone,you know that people in love don’t always think clearly. As Iago convinces him there is hope with Desdemona,Roderigo will do anything he asks. He’s that fixated on her. Do you have sympathy for Roderigo when he’skilled? On one hand, he’s played a role in Iago’s wicked plot. On the other hand, he dies because he wasfooled by someone he trusted. Is Roderigo punished too harshly for his failure to see that Iago is wicked?^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: BRABANTIO Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, is a Venetian Senator. When we firstmeet him, he’s terrified that his only child has been kid napped by Othello and seduced with drugs and potions.When he learns that Desdemona’s in love with the Moor, he’s bitter and resentful. He accepts defeat, but notgraciously: he won’t allow Desdemona to stay in his house while Othello is in Cyprus, and he warns the Moorthat Desdemona could betray her husband if she betrayed her father. Yet Brabantio is not a villain. He’sdisappointed when his daughter marries a man so different from herself, and hurt when she does so behindhis back. So wounded is he by Desdemona, that when he dies in Act V it’s probably of a broken heart.^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: SETTING It’s not surprising that Shakespeare chose Venice as the setting of a storyfilled with passion, jealousy, and sexual tension. For the Elizabethans, the Italians were a wicked people, livinglives of treachery, murder, and loose morals. When playwrights of the day wanted to portray wickedness, theyoften created Italian characters causing problems in En gland, or set the plays in Italy. Venice was particularlyexciting to the English. The women there were rumored to be very beautiful, and very interested in making love.Venetian men were considered hot-tempered, aggressive, and easily jealous. An Elizabethan audiencewatching Othello would have been highly suspicious of Desdemona and her behavior. Running off to getmarried behind your father’s back was simply not done. Because Desdemona was Venetian, however,audiences wouldn’t have been too surprised. As for Iago, he probably represented the kind of villainElizabethans thought ran rampant throughout Italy! One interesting note is that the name Iago is Spanish. (TheItalian form is Giacomo.) Shakespeare gave his most evil character a Spanish name, probably because Spainwas England’s worst enemy. Italy may have been the home of romantic, exotic sin, but true evil, according tothe Elizabethans, came from Spain! ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: THEMES The major themes of Othello are 1)appearance and reality, 2) society’s treatment of the outsider; and 3) jealousy. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO:APPEARANCE AND REALITY Can we ever know the truth about a person? Is it possible to know if someoneis lying to us? How can we discover what lies behind the words someone tells us? Shakespeare wasfascinated with these questions. Many of his most evil characters were thought by others in the play to besincere and truthful. In Othello, this theme has its most potent and dramatic realization in the character of Iago.Iago fools everyone in the play into believing he’s honest. No one even suspects him of treachery, until the finalact when Roderigo first realizes how badly he’s been fooled. In short, Iago proves that evil intentions can bemasked behind a facade of honesty. The theme emerges in other characters: Brabantio is deceived byDesdemona’s reaction to Othello, assuming she fears him when she truly loves the Moor. Othello suspects thatDesdemona is unfaithf ul, despite her innocent looks. Othello also feels he’s being deceived by Cassio, whomhe trusts and who appears loyal. Emilia’s exterior suggests salty indifference, but she turns against herhusband and dies in defence of Desdemona. Even Bianca, who is suspected of dishonesty, is ultimately seenas a sincere and caring woman. And Othello, considered a barbarian by many in the play, is gentle and nobleuntil driven to near-madness by the cruel manipulations of his most trusted â€Å"friend.† The inability to judge truefrom false is a human dilemma that we have all faced. In Othello’s case, the dilemma proves fatal.Shakespeare dramatizes the problem by showing the consequences of trusting someone whose mask ofhonesty is perfect, almost to the very last. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: SOCIETY’S TREATMENT OF THEOUTSIDER Everyone has known the feeling of being alienated from a group, whether it’s as the new kid atschool, as a member of an ethnic or religious m inority, or as someone who holds an unpopular opinion.Shakespeare points that problem in Othello by making his hero an outsider, one who doesn’t quite belong inthe society in which he lives. From the very beginning, when he’s held in suspicion by a man who accuses himof seducing his daughter with mysterious charms, Othello stands apart from everyone else. As a man ofanother race and from another country, much of the conflict he faces is due to the reigning opinion that hedoesn’t quite belong. Othello’s sensitivity to the issue becomes clear when Iago uses it as proof thatDesdemona couldn’t be faithful to a man so foreign–such a match is â€Å"unnatural,† he says. Othello’sself-confidence, once so strong, is easily eroded by Iago’s ability to convince him that he’s inferior to the menof Venice. Shakespeare dramatizes through Othello the tragedy of a man whose insecurities about hisbackground, fed by public opinion, weaken his defenses and allow his worst instincts to take over.^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: JEALOUSY Othello represents how jealousy, particularly sexual jealousy, is one of themost corrupting and destructive of emotions. It is jealousy (fed by his innate sense of evil) that prompts Iago toplot Othello’s downfall; jealousy, too, is the tool that Iago uses to arouse Othello’s passions. Roderigo andBianca demonstrate jealousy at various times in the play, and Emilia demonstrates that she too knows theemotion well. Only Desdemona and Cassio, the true innocents of the story, seem beyond its clutches.Shakespeare used the theme in other plays, but nowhere else is it portrayed as quite the â€Å"green-eyed†monster it is in this play. Since it is an emotion that everyone shares, we watch its destructive influence on thecharacters with sympathy and horror. ^^^^^^^^^^OTHELLO: THE SOURCE OF OTHELLO Shakespearedelighted in taking old stories, adding his own particular brand of geniu s, and creating something new–andbetter. He based Othello on a story in a collection of tales, called Hecatommithi, written in 1565 by GiraldiCinthio, an Italian. A short synopsis of the original story gives some indication of how Shakespeare merelyborrowed stories and made them his own. The heroine, called Disdemona, falls in love with a Moor. Her familyagrees reluctantly to her marriage with him, and the couple lives together in Venice for awhile. The Moor (givenno name) is sent to command the troops in Cyprus. The Moor and Disdemona travel there